Most people would probably benefit from being more aware of their attachment styles in close relationships with the crucial knock on effects this has on our partners,friends,work relationships and children.It's part of healthy maturing to keep what we value from our upbringing and work to change what we feel is no longer helpful.
In 1990 Bartholomew published an influential paper arguing that a four-category model was more accurate.
Her four categories are:

A. It is easy for me to become emotionally close to others.I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me.I don't worry about being alone or having others not accept me.
B. I am uncomfortable getting close to others.I want emotionally close relationships,but I find it difficult to trust others completely,or to depend on them.I worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others.
C. I want to be completely emotionally intimate with others,but I often find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I am uncomfortable being without close relationships,but I sometimes worry that others don't value me as much as I value them.
D. I am comfortable without close emotional relationships.It's very important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient,and I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me.

Type A is classified as "secure"attachment,Type B as "fearful-avoidant",Type C as "preoccupied" and Type D as "dismissive".



  1. ECR Styles




  2. ECR-Graph

A:SecureB:FearfulC:PreoccupiedD:Dismissive
27.64 30.43 37.54 21.18

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Your attachment style in close relationships is identified as preoccupied.

Individuals with this style tend to heavily rely on others' approval to maintain self-esteem, often seeking validation and feeling addicted to interpersonal connections. They may view themselves as unworthy of love and insignificant, yet see others as deserving, striving to gain their acceptance to bolster a negative self-view.
preoccupied attachment manifests as a turmoil of emotions, oscillating between affection and resentment, certainty and doubt, creating an unstable and ambivalent mindset. Those with this style frequently feel misunderstood and undervalued, doubting the reliability and commitment of their partners and friends. They fear abandonment, desiring closeness while simultaneously questioning the dependability and trustworthiness of their loved ones.

Individuals with a preoccupied attachment style often exhibit the following characteristics:
1.A strong desire for intimacy and closeness.
2.Low self-esteem and a negative self-image.
3.Excessive dependence on relationships for self-validation.
4.Fear of rejection and abandonment, leading to anxiety in relationships.
5.Challenges with trust, often questioning the reliability of their partners.
6.Hypersensitivity to their partner’s moods and behaviors.
7.A need to please others and a constant search for reassurance.

These traits can lead to a heightened attunement to a partner’s needs and a significant investment in relationships, but they may also result in relationship anxiety and distress when a partner’s responsiveness seems insufficient.
Overall, preoccupied attachment involves a defensive stance or difficulty in assimilating attachment-related experiences, potentially leading to misunderstandings, pessimistic expectations, and social functioning challenges.


Suggestions for a satisfying relationship:
In a fulfilling romantic relationship, it is important to be attentive to your partner's needs and to understand when, where, and how to offer them support. Being open to receiving your partner's love and care, and responding to it positively, is equally crucial. When both individuals in a relationship comprehend their own attachment styles and the reasons behind them, and when they can reassess and reevaluate relationship conflicts with an acceptance of their own behaviors and emotions, they can improve their interpersonal expectations, emotional experiences, and the way they perceive themselves and others through positive intimate experiences. This process can lead to a mutual enhancement of the quality of their intimate relationships and the growth of their personal security.